Skin Care & Acne Skin Care: Information, Links and Resources

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One of the most common skin care problems is acne.

Acne

What is acne?

There are several types of acne, but the acne that affects most peoples faces is medically known as acne vulgaris, aka common acne, and occurs when oil from your sebaceous glands and dead skin cells block up your hair follicles.

What Causes Acne?

Contrary to popular hearsay, acne is not caused by dirt clogging the pores, but is caused by the hair follicle failing to get rid of the skin cells lining it's channel to the outside world. The skin cells then form a plug, the oil (called sebum) from the sebaceous gland of the hair follicle then cannot escape and builds up behind the dead skin cells.

It is the above process that causes common facial acne.

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When the hair follicle blocks up, it can create one of several different acne conditions or symptoms.

1... Pimples are the most obvious form of acne

Which by definition are the infected blockages of acne. like most bacterial infection sites, this acne shares the common symptoms of inflammation - redness, swelling - and creamy pus. The creamy pus (a mix of dead and live bacteria) often forms at the center of the inflammation. This is your common acne pimple.

1a... Acne Scarring

Scarring can occur from pimples. Essentially, like any scar, it is created when the skin is cut / separated at a deeper point in the skin. The infection of a pimple normally does run deep enough to cause scarring. The good news, most wont scar.

The pimples most at risk of scarring are the very big ones, which doctors will often call "nodular" acne or "cystic" acne or "nodulocystic" acne.

However, if you squeeze or scratch a pimple, scarring is more likely, as you are damaging the skin further by doing so.

2... Blackheads, which is a type of acne where the blockage is very deep in the hair follicle.

Without the infection to push the hair follicle blockage to the surface so to speak, the sebaceous oil - sebum - and dead skin cells, are, of course stuck, meaning it hangs round in the body longer than it is suppose to.

When they hang round too long, the protein chains called "keratin", which exists within this matter, oxidizes (reacts with the available oxygen reaching it) to a black color, which gives the characteristic symptom of the black head - it's blackness.

The reason why blackheads tend to be so tiny in diameter, is because the hair follicle channel is so tiny to start with.

Incidentally, because the blockage occurs deep within the hair follicle, you cannot wash a blackhead out!

3... Whiteheads are another form of acne

Essentially they are the same type of acne as the blackhead, except that the hair follicle passage is so narrow, that it prevents the oxygen in the air from reaching the keratin. No oxygen means no oxidization, hence no black color develops.

So, instead of the black color, you have the non-oxidized version, which is whitish - the characteristic symptom of the whitehead.

Acne and it's Frequency and Duration

Common knowledge, acne typically begins in puberty, and affects just about everyone at some point in their life. Teenagers are the most vulnerable to acne, because of the effects of high hormone levels that generate excess sebum and which may also affect the hair follicles ability to shed it's lining of skin cells.

In fact 85% of teenagers will suffer from acne. Most will outgrow it in their early 20's, for others it will reduce greatly, but hang round for several more decades.

Other vulnerable people include women who go through their monthly hormonal changes - related to their menstrual cycle. These women may have acne flare ups every month, until menopause.

Menopause is preceded by a longer period of hormonal fluctuations, and some women may experience or re-experience acne at this stage in their life cycle.

The Acne Symptoms you Don't Physically see

We humans put a great deal of stock in how our hands and face look. We greet everyone with our hands and face showing, so when acne appears on the face, we feel disfigured, self conscious, anxious, and may be even depressed. Worried about how everyone will look at the acne.

These are the acne symptoms that are often not apparent in the skin.

Of course, the worse the acne is, the more these other symptoms can grow.

So while acne may be a minor health concern, because it affects our human to human greeting with our faces, acne can be a very emotionally devastating condition as well. So friends and family need to be as supportive as they can be.

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Treatment for Acne

If the acne sufferer is a teenager, or someone with an intellectual disability, friends, family, carers should help get the acne sufferer appropriate acne treatment.

The first step in acne treatment is to maintain good hygiene - such as wash the face morning and night - so as to remove the surface layer of sebum and flaked skin cells, to help prevent the hair follicles from blocking. I say help prevent, as washing cannot remove the debris of oil and skin cells from the hair follicle channel, but it can help stop the ones that are caused by the blockages which occur on or much closer to the surface.

Treatment for Acne Pimples

If pimples are prolific or large, a doctor can prescribe oral or topical antibiotics to kill the infections.

If pimples are smallish, then acne topical products that contain "benzoyl peroxide" are worthwhile buying as an acne treatment, as benzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial ingredient - it kills bacteria. So regular use of benzoyle peroxide, such as at a 5% concentration, can prove very effective at keeping pimple acne well controlled.

Remember though that acne cannot be cured, so you have to keep using the acne product to keep getting the benefits.

If the antibacterial topical acne treatments don't help much, or don't help enough with your pimple acne, you may need to see your doctor. Your doctor may prescibe antibiotics for you to use in conjunction with the topical antibacterial cream or product, or may prescribe a much stronger topical antibacterial acne product for you to use.

In terms of the light therapies, success is mixed, but most often than not the light therapy you chose will work more times than it wont, so it will probably benefit your acne condition. These acne treatments are normally done daily, for several weeks to up to 3 months.

Blackheads and Whiteheads Acne Treatment

I recall using acne washes filled with little hard beads designed to remove blackheads - a load of rubbish in my opinion in hindsight. The acne treatment never worked for me, and how could it? The blockages are so deep, that running little beads over them wont do much.

The only solution I've read about that seems any good is the use of a "pore cleansing strip". I did have this done once when I was a teenager, but I chose a beauty salon in a distant town - after all, I am a male, that was 30 years ago, and I didn't cotton to the idea of going to a beauty salon. Men didn't do that sort of thing.

Anyway, this acne treatment was a success, in that the blackheads were removed - the beautician used a glass ball like device, which was heated, to open the hair follicles. Then she used the pore cleansing strips I think and gently squeezed many of them out as well.

The only problem was, I didn't go back. Without regular visits, my hair follicles weren't being regularly unblocked. My teenage hormones just helped cause the blackheads to develop again, by blocking the hair follicles again.

Acne Treatment for Females

If you're a female with the monthly acne cycle, you may be interested in knowing that your doctor may be able to provide you with hormonal treatment. The aim of this acne treatment is to reduce the amount of the androgenic hormone, which has been found to cause acne in women.

Other Acne Treatments

Such acne treatments include the use of "retinoids" and of laser therapy.

Retinoids are a class of drugs that affect the sebum production and cell life cycle. Can be used either orally or topically, depending on which your doctor thinks you need. Not without nasty side effects - eg possible blushing, possible liver damage (if taken orally) - but maybe Retinoids will be what will work for you for acne, if your acne wont respond well enough to other acne treatments

Laser acne treatment is questionable, simply because it hasn't been round long enough to ascertain it dangers and side effects.

It can work on acne scar tissue to reduce the scarring.

Lasers can also be used to kill acne infections, as well as selectively target and kill the hair follicle or the sebaceous oil producing gland attached to the hair follicle - the latter two are preventitive steps to help prevent acne.

Adverse potential side effects of using lasers for acne include area pigmentation changes and burning - the burning from either inexperienced / clumsy use, or burning from faulty or poorly set laser equipment.

Acne and Hemorrhoids

It is possible to have acne on external hemorrhoids, as they are covered by a layer of normal skin with hair follicles.

However, if you see anything like acne on prolapsed hemorrhoids, you should see a doctor with some urgency, as your hemorrhoids are possibly infected and needs to be treated to avoid gangrene and or worsening infection and pain.

Acne in Conclusion

In conclusion, although acne can greatly affect how we interact with others socially and adversely affect our emotional well being, acne is a minor health concern for the most part, and acne can be treated and controlled in just about everyone.

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This acne article was written and edited by Donald Urquhart

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